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Libros > Derecho / Político y Constitucional / OBRAS GENERALES Y TRATADOS > Abortion: a comparative constitucional law perspective

Abortion: a comparative constitucional law perspective

Abortion: a comparative constitucional law perspective
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  • ISBN: 978-84-1095-536-3
  • EAN: 9788410955363
  • Editorial: Tirant lo Blanch
  • Fecha de la edición:
  • Número de la edición: 1ª
  • Colección: Monografías Maior
  • Encuadernación: Tapa blanda o Bolsillo
  • Nº Pág.: 536
  • Idiomas: Inglés

Materias:

There is a plurality of legislation and jurisprudence on the voluntary termination of pregnancy in Europe. Many countries have made progress in the recognition of the right to abortion and have offered a perspective of normalisation of this issue. At the same time, the approach to abortion as a right has also been met with resistance in other countries. Abortion is therefore subject to broad social debate
around the world. The Francisco de Vitoria University of Madrid, through the Global Common Good Center and the Open Reason Institute, organised the Seminar "Abortion: A Comparative Perspective" on 14 and 15 October 2024. This Seminar aimed to offer society a different constitutional perspective on this issue to enrich the debate.
This book contains the contributions of different professors which were presented at the seminar. It discusses the abortion legislation of the different countries and the doctrine of their Constitutional Courts: Germany, Spain, the USA, the United Kingdom, France, Hungary, Italy, Portugal and Poland. Finally, the book studies abortion in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and freedom
of conscience and delivers an analysis from an expanded reason perspective.
While the dignity of the person, the right to life and the free development of a woman's personality are the basis of the discussion on the legitimacy of voluntary termination of pregnancy, in general, however, human rights are dependent on specific anthropological conceptions, if not ideological choices. Therefore, the first reflection must be to affirm the practical preference of the democratic principle over ethical reflection. It is the responsibility of the different political majorities and minorities to approve the legal frameworks that determine the preference of conflicting rights. A second reflection would be to highlight the importance of continuing to work on arguments. The truths about the human being must also be sought through debate and rational dialogue about what is just and what is unjust.

 

Table of contents
Introduction        15
Antonio Troncoso Reigada. 
CHAPTER I
Abortion in Germany: legislation and doctrine of the German Federal Constitutional Court        39
Antonio Troncoso Reigada. 
I. Abortion legislation in Germany        40
II. The Act of 24 June 2022 repealing § 219a of the German Criminal Code on advertising for the termination of pregnancy and the report of 15 April 2024 of the Commission on Reproductive Self-Determination and Reproductive Medicine        47
1. Introduction        47
2. The Act of 24 June 2022 repealing § 219a of the German Criminal Code on the advertising for the termination of pregnancy        49
3. The Report of 15 April 2024 of the Commission on Reproductive Self-Determination and Reproductive Medicine        58
III. The doctrine of the German Federal Constitutional Court on abortion        98
1. The protection of the right to life of the unborn child and the termination of pregnancy as an act in violation of the law        100
2. Exceptional situations and system of indications. The controversy surrounding the embryopathic indication        101
3. The questioning of the system of time limits and the criticism of gradualism.        106
4. The model of compulsory counselling        107
5. The formula “unlawful but not punishable”        110
Bibliographical references        117
Documents        118
Abbreviations and Acronyms        119

CHAPTER II
Abortion in Spain: the embarrassing legislation on women´s sexual and reproductive health and the constitutional court´s rulings 44/2023 and 29/2024 on abortion        121
Jorge Rodríguez-Zapata Pérez
I. THE CURRENT REGULATION        122
II. HUMAN LIFE        126
III. THE COMPATIBILITY OF THE SYSTEM OF INDICATIONS WITH THE PROTECTION OF THE LIFE OF THE UNBORN        129
IV. THE TIME LIMIT SYSTEM AND ITS INCOMPATIBILITY WITH THE STATE'S OBLIGATION TO PROTECT THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT TO LIFE        136
V. THE INSUFFICIENT JUSTIFICATION OF THE SYSTEM OF TIME LIMITS IN CONSTITUTIONAL JURISPRUDENCE        144
VI. THE ALLEGED FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT OF THE PREGNANT WOMAN TO HAVE AN ABORTION        148
VII. CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION        158
VIII. THE GENDER PERSPECTIVE        161
IX. CONCLUSIONS         162
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES        163
CHAPTER III
 The Unsettled (and Unsettling) State of Abortion Law in the United States in 2024        165
Teresa Stanton Collett. 
I. THE LEGAL SHIFTS IN U.S. ABORTION LAW: A PIVOTAL MOMENT IN U.S. JURISPRUDENCE        166
II. THE DEMISE OF ROE V. WADE: A HISTORIC REVERSAL         167
III. REFRAMING ABORTION RIGHTS: PLANNED PARENTHOOD V. CASEY        171
IV. THE TURNING POINT: DOBBS V. JACKSON AND THE END OF FEDERAL ABORTION PROTECTIONS        173
V. THE LEAKED DOBBS OPINION: POLITICAL AND SOCIAL REPERCUSSIONS         174
VI. DEMONSTRATIONS AND CRIMINAL ACTS PROTESTING THE OVERRULING OF ROE        175
VII. PRESIDENTIAL POWER AND ABORTION: BIDEN’S RESPONSE TO THE DOBBS RULING         177
VIII. THE NEW FRONTIER: CHEMICAL ABORTIONS AND LEGAL BATTLES        178
IX. THE UNCERTAIN FINALITY OF FDA V. ALLIANCE FOR HIPPOCRATIC MEDICINE        181
X. CONTROLLING THE DEFINITION OF “EMERGENCY”        185
XI. CURRENT U.S. SUPREME COURT JURISPRUDENCE        188
XII. CAN CONGRESS ACT? FEDERAL POWERS AND LIMITATIONS IN ABORTION REGULATION        189
XIII. ABORTION AND INTERSTATE COMMERCE        191
XIV. ABORTION AND SECTION 5 OF THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT        193
XV. ABORTION AND ARTICLE I SPENDING POWER        196
XVI. “51 IMPERFECT SOLUTIONS” AND STATE ABORTION LAW        200
XVII. ABORTION LAW IN 2024: THE IMPACT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION        202
XVIII. CONCLUSION: LEGAL UNCERTAINTY AHEAD        203
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES        203
CHAPTER IV
 Abortion in the United Kingdom        207
Mehmet Ciftci. 
I. INTRODUCTION        207
II. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND        208
III. ABORTION ACT 1967        216
IV. DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 1967        221
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES        224
CHAPTER V
Abortion in France. The inclusion in the Constitution of the freedom to have an abortion, between ”right” and “freedom”        227
Xavier Bioy
I. “GUARANTEED” FREEDOM        235
1. The constitutionalisation process, the virtues of form and substance        236
2. Overexposure of a guarantee among other components of bodily liberty        241
3. The collective assumption of a distinction between rights and freedoms, synonymous with enforceability and resulting from the State's obligations to act        243
II. THE ELEMENTS OF A “RIGHT”        245
1. Link with “social rights” and their enforceability        245
2. The conditionality of the guarantee        248
III. FREEDOM “GUARANTEED” BY LAW        250
1. The content of positive constitutional obligations        251
2. Effects of the reform on legal categories        253
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES        255
CHAPTER VI
 Abortion in Hungary: legislation and the doctrine of the Constitutional Court        259
Balázs Schanda. 
I. BRIEF HISTORIC REMARKS ON ABORTION        259
II. LIBERALIZATION        260
III. CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION 1991 (DECISION 64/1991. (XII. 17.)        261
IV. 1992 LAW: ACT LXXIX/1992 ON THE PROTECTION OF FETAL LIFE        264
V. 1998 CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION AND THE SUBSEQUENT AMENDMENT (48/1998. (XI. 23.) AB)        267
VI. STATISTICS AND SOCIAL REALITY        268
VII. CROSS-BORDER ASPECTS        269
VIII. MEDICAL INDICATIONS        270
IX. FUNDAMENTAL LAW        271
X. HEARTBEAT-DECREE        272
XI. UNBORN LIFE IN PRIVATE LAW        273
XII. UNBORN LIFE IN PUBLIC DEBATE        274
XIII. CONCLUSION        275
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES        275

CHAPTER VII 
Abortion in Italy: legislation and doctrine of the Constitutional 
Court.         277
Luigi Melica
I. THE RIGHT TO ABORTION IN ITALY: FROM A CRIMINAL OFFENSE TO A LAW OF CONSTITUTIONAL RELEVANCE        277
II. THE CONTENT OF THE LAW 194/1978        280
III. THE MOST RELEVANT CASE LAW ON ABORTION RIGHTS IN ITALY        282
1. The depenalization of the crime of abortion        283
2. The rights of self-determination of the woman vs. the interest of the father         284
3. Case law on minors and the interruption of the pregnancy in Italy         286
4. Case law on conscientious objection of doctors and right to abortion in Italy        289
IV. CURRENT DEBATE AND CHANGES REGARDING THE RIGHT TO INTERRUPT PREGNANCY IN ITALIAN LEGISLATION        292
V. COULD THE “DIGNITY” OF THE EMBRYO PAVE THE WAY FOR A NEW CASE LAW?        295
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES        298
CHAPTER VIII 
Abortion in Portugal: legislation and doctrine of the Constitutional Court        301
Jónatas E. M. Machado.
I. INTRODUCTION        301
II. ABORTION IN PORTUGUESE LAW        303
1. Politico-cultural context        303
2. Punishability of abortion as a norm        307
3. Exceptions to the punishability of abortion        309
III. ENDLESS DISCUSSION        314
1. Arguments in favour of abortion        315
2. Arguments against abortion        318
IV. IS IT POSSIBLE TO AGREE TO DISAGREE?        324
V. CONCLUSION        329
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES        330
CHAPTER IX
 Abortion in Poland: legislation and doctrine of the Constitutional Court         333
Dobrochna Bach-Golecka
I. INTRODUCTION        333
II. GENERAL REMARKS         339
III. EVOLUTION OF POLISH REGULATORY APPROACH TOWARDS ABORTION        343
1. Initial legislative stage        343
2. Communist period legislation.         343
Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1956        344
3. Legislation of democratic Poland        352
Minister of Health and Social Protection Regulation of 1990        352
Abortion compromise: Family Planning Act of 1993        357
Change of abortion compromise: Change of Family Planning Act of 1996        366
Freedom of conscience clause: Act on the Profession of Physician of 1996        369
4. Constitutional Tribunal on abortion.         372
Judgment of 1997 concerning change of abortion compromise        372
Judgment of 2015 concerning freedom of conscience        380
Judgment of 2020 concerning eugenic abortion criteria        393
5. Evaluation        413
IV. CATHOLIC THEOLOGY AND CANON LAW ON ABORTION         417
1. Biblical teaching upon the gift of life        418
2. Catholic social teaching upon abortion        422
3. Canon law perspective on abortion        424
4. Evaluation        426
V. ABORTION WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION LAW PERSPECTIVE        427
1. Abortion as a service        428
2. Abortion and healthcare        430
3. Abortion and human rights        432
4. Decision-making on abortion        435
5. Evaluation        439
VI. CONCLUSION        441
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES        443
CHAPTER X 
Abortion in the jurisprudence of the European Court of 
Human Rights        445
Grégor Puppinck. 
I. THE STATUS OF THE UNBORN CHILD UNDER THE CONVENTION        447
1. There is no exception to the right to life regarding abortion        447
2. The silence of the Court on the nature of the unborn child        450
3. The Court did not use the incremental approach        453
4. The European Convention and the Court do not explicitly exclude the unborn child from the scope of the Convention        455
5. States may recognise the unborn child as a “person”        459
II. THE ABSENCE OF A RIGHT TO ABORTION        461
1. All High Contracting Parties permitted abortion when necessary to save the life of the mother        462
2. Article 8 cannot be interpreted as conferring a right to abortion        463
III. “ONCE A STATE ALLOWS ABORTION”: THE COMPETING RIGHTS AND INTERESTS        468
1. The rights and interests of the mother        470
2. The rights and interests of the unborn child        477
3. The rights of the relatives of the child        484
4. The rights of medical professionals and institutions        485
5. The public interests of the society        485
6. Implementing these rights and interests        487
IV. CONCLUSION        489
CASE LAW CITED        489
CHAPTER XI 
Freedom of conscience and the fundamental right not to kill        493
Javier Martínez-Torrón. 
I. DIVERSITY, AWARENESS, IDENTITY        493
II. THE LEGAL RELEVANCE OF ETHICAL CHOICES WITH REGARD TO THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN LIFE        495
III. A PLURAL LEGAL PANORAMA        497
IV. LESS PROBLEMATIC OBJECTIONS        498
V. THE NEW ETHICAL FRONTIER: ABORTION AND EUTHANASIA        500
VI. IDEOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS TO LEGAL PROBLEMS        504
VII. IN SEARCH OF THE NECESSARY LEGAL CONSISTENCY        511
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES        515
CHAPTER XII
Evolution in the legal status of abortion: from moral crisis to legal revolution. Analysis from an expanded reason perspective        517
María Lacalle. 
I. SCIENCE        518
II. ETHICS        519
III. LAW        522
IV. THE ROLE OF THE STATE        526
V. THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITY        530
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES         532
 

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